Legal Issues in Franchising and Trademarks Term Paper - 4950 Words

Legal Issues in Franchising and Trademarks (Term Paper Sample) Content: TRADE MARKS AND FRANCHSINGStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Course Name:Date:Trademarks and franchising are two related terms that have ubiquitously gained popularity in the contemporary legal and business spheres. While the two concepts are related in various respects, trademarks owe their roots mainly from intellectual property rights origin while franchising is a modern business innovative strategy. Franchising uses most intellectual property concepts of trademarks and enjoys almost the same legal protection as trademarks.As a matter of fact, it has been argued that trademarks form a foundation or cornerstone of franchising. Therefore, it is a fundamental legal requirement, as will be evident later in this paper, that franchising agreements conform to the legal norms and elements of a trade mark as a form of intellectual property right. The purpose of this paper, at the outset, is to discuss in depth the two concepts of trademarks and franchising. This analysis and discuss ion will focus inter alia, majorly on the legal frameworks of the two, the relationship between them and differences, if any.Trade MarksThe Historical PerspectiveHistorically, traders would apply various marks to identify their goods, distinguish them from others and indicate ownership rights over the property in form of possessory and proprietary marks. Farmers would brand and earmark their livestock for identification purposes while trade merchants would also place unique marks on their goods before they could be shipped to enable identification and retrieval of the goods in the unlikely event of a shipwreck. The concept of trademarks also has roots in the early practice of the Guilds that were trading organizations that controlled the production of goods. It was a requirement by the guilds organizations that each producer apply identifying marks and signs for their goods which would make it easier for the organizations to trace the source of substandard and unsatisfactory goods. In England, the legal protection of trademarks began at common law which recognized an action for deceit in case of an infringement of a trade mark. It later developed in the Courts of Chancery which protected traders from the tort of passing of off for traders who had acquired goodwill and reputation for via the use of certain symbols and signs in trade.[Lionel Bentley and Brad Sherman, Intellectual Property Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 5-60.] Rationale for the recognition and protection of trademarksA plethora of justifications have been put forward to bolster the legal recognition and protection granted to trade mark holders. One of the most important ones is that trademarks are a show of creativity hence their protection means the protection of the personality and labor of the producer of a given commodity. Further, the second justification and arguments for their protection and recognition is that trademarks are in the public interest as they enable the dissem ination of valuable information about a product to the consumers hence improving market efficiency. This argument has been augmented by Justice Breyer when he asserted that:[Amanda Michaels and Andrew Norris, A Practical Approach to Trade Mark Law (Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 50-150.] [By] preventing others from copying a source-identifying mark, trademarks law reduces the customer costs of shopping and making purchases decisionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬for it quickly and easily assures the a potential customer that this item- the item with this mark-is made by the same producer as other similarly marked items that he or she liked (or disliked) in the past.[S V London Borough Havering (2002)] The legal recognition and protection of trademarks is also founded on the ethical justificatory ideas of justice and fairness to the creator and owner of the trade mark sign or symbolMeaning of Trade MarksDifferent states apply different legal and business definitions of the term à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‹Å"trade marksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The courts have also been consistent in defining what a trade mark is. However, in all the definitions attempted by various legal scholars and inherent in a variety of national and international laws, one clear thread that runs across them is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"identity of origin of a good or serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Justice Frankfurter once defined a trade mark as under:A trade mark is a merchandising shortcut which induces a purchaser to select what he wants or what he has been led to believe he wantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ whatever the means employed, the aim is the same-to convey through the mark, in the minds of potential customers, the desirability of the commodity upon which it appears. Once this is attained, the trade mark has something of value.[Mishawaka Manufacturing Co. V Kresge Co 316.U.S. 203 (1942)] In the United Kingdom, for example, trademarks are governed by the Trade Marks Act 1994 where a trade mark is defined as any sign capable of being represe nted graphically which distinguishes the goods or services of one business from those of another.[Section 1, English Trade Marks Act] In addition, trademarks are defined by the Directive on trademarks as:A trade mark consists of any signs capable of being represented graphically, particularly words, including personal names, designs letters, numerical, the shape of goods, or of their packaging provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.[Article 2, U.K Trade Mark Directives] The main theme that underpins the trade mark law in any country is the extent of the kind of business monopoly that a registered mark confers on the trade mark owner. The legal framework of trademarks therefore aims mainly at striking a balance between the conflicting interests of the proprietor of the mark, their competitors and the final consumer of the products. The law of trademarks seeks to ensure that these three major par ties are protected against injustice and substandard goods and services.Functions of Trade MarksTrade marks play a variety of roles particularly in the business field.Identity of Product OriginThe main function that lies at the heart of trademarks law is that of indication of the origin of commodities being sold and this has been emphasized by the courts in Centrafarm V American Home Products in which the court said:The essential function of the [trade] mark, which is to give the consumer or final user a guarantee of the identity of the origin of the marked product by enabling him to distinguish, without any possible confusion, that product from others of a different provenance.[(1996) FSR, 225] This fundamental role of trademarks was reaffirmed later by an English Court when it stated:Trade marks rights constitute an essential element of the system of undistorted competitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬in that context, the essential function of a trade mark is to guarantee the identity of the origi n of the marked goods or services to the consumers and user by enabling him, without any possibility of confusion, to distinguish the goods or services from others which have another origin.[Arsenal Football Club V Mathew Reed (2003) 3ALL ER 865] Quality Assurance FunctionTrade marks enable consumers of various goods and services to be sure of the quality of those commodities produced by the trade mark proprietors. This assurance of quality flows from the fact that the trade mark owner has economic advantages and interests in the products that they wish to protect from infringement and copying by competing businesses. As a consequence, they are likely to raise quality standards.The House of Lords emphasized this function of trademarks when it stated in its judgment that:The quality of goods on the offer is at the heart of all trading activities. As long as trading has existed, buyers have sought information and assurance about the quality of the merchandise on display. The use of t rademarks is an integral part of this activity.[Scandecor Developments AB V Scandecor Marketing AB (2001) UKHL 21] Advertisement and Informational RoleTrade marks may also be applied as advertisement tools and strategies by traders to create more consumer awareness about the presence, identity and uniqueness of their products as distinguishable from those of competitors. This point was succinctly stated by the court a case involving disputes over trade marks ownership rights when the court said:A trade mark is a vehicle for communicating a message to the public, and itself represents financial value. This message is incorporated into the trade mark through the message itself, whether informatively or symbolically. The message may refer to the productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s quality or indeed intangible values such as luxury, lifestyle, exclusivity, adventure, youth etc.[Souza Cruz SA V Hollywood SAS (2002) ETMR 64, 705] Investment RoleIn addition, Trademarks play the role of investment mechani sms whereby trades use their monopolies in the production of given commodities to lock out competition from similar businesses and require consensual or contractual agreements to part with the monopoly. Such a scheme enables the proprietor of the mark to venture in new investments areas and products that others may not be able to explore as was stated by the court that:It is also argued that trademarks have other functions which might be termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, investments or advertising functions. Those functions are said to arise from the fact that the investment in the proportion of a product is built around the [trade] markà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬distinguishing the trade mark ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s good from those of his competitors.[Perfums Christian Dior and Perfums Christian Dior BV Vs Eura BV (1998) RPC 166 C337/95] The trade mark, as legal requirement, should be such that ... Legal Issues in Franchising and Trademarks Term Paper - 4950 Words Legal Issues in Franchising and Trademarks (Term Paper Sample) Content: TRADE MARKS AND FRANCHSINGStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Course Name:Date:Trademarks and franchising are two related terms that have ubiquitously gained popularity in the contemporary legal and business spheres. While the two concepts are related in various respects, trademarks owe their roots mainly from intellectual property rights origin while franchising is a modern business innovative strategy. Franchising uses most intellectual property concepts of trademarks and enjoys almost the same legal protection as trademarks.As a matter of fact, it has been argued that trademarks form a foundation or cornerstone of franchising. Therefore, it is a fundamental legal requirement, as will be evident later in this paper, that franchising agreements conform to the legal norms and elements of a trade mark as a form of intellectual property right. The purpose of this paper, at the outset, is to discuss in depth the two concepts of trademarks and franchising. This analysis and discuss ion will focus inter alia, majorly on the legal frameworks of the two, the relationship between them and differences, if any.Trade MarksThe Historical PerspectiveHistorically, traders would apply various marks to identify their goods, distinguish them from others and indicate ownership rights over the property in form of possessory and proprietary marks. Farmers would brand and earmark their livestock for identification purposes while trade merchants would also place unique marks on their goods before they could be shipped to enable identification and retrieval of the goods in the unlikely event of a shipwreck. The concept of trademarks also has roots in the early practice of the Guilds that were trading organizations that controlled the production of goods. It was a requirement by the guilds organizations that each producer apply identifying marks and signs for their goods which would make it easier for the organizations to trace the source of substandard and unsatisfactory goods. In England, the legal protection of trademarks began at common law which recognized an action for deceit in case of an infringement of a trade mark. It later developed in the Courts of Chancery which protected traders from the tort of passing of off for traders who had acquired goodwill and reputation for via the use of certain symbols and signs in trade.[Lionel Bentley and Brad Sherman, Intellectual Property Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 5-60.] Rationale for the recognition and protection of trademarksA plethora of justifications have been put forward to bolster the legal recognition and protection granted to trade mark holders. One of the most important ones is that trademarks are a show of creativity hence their protection means the protection of the personality and labor of the producer of a given commodity. Further, the second justification and arguments for their protection and recognition is that trademarks are in the public interest as they enable the dissem ination of valuable information about a product to the consumers hence improving market efficiency. This argument has been augmented by Justice Breyer when he asserted that:[Amanda Michaels and Andrew Norris, A Practical Approach to Trade Mark Law (Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 50-150.] [By] preventing others from copying a source-identifying mark, trademarks law reduces the customer costs of shopping and making purchases decisionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬for it quickly and easily assures the a potential customer that this item- the item with this mark-is made by the same producer as other similarly marked items that he or she liked (or disliked) in the past.[S V London Borough Havering (2002)] The legal recognition and protection of trademarks is also founded on the ethical justificatory ideas of justice and fairness to the creator and owner of the trade mark sign or symbolMeaning of Trade MarksDifferent states apply different legal and business definitions of the term à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‹Å"trade marksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The courts have also been consistent in defining what a trade mark is. However, in all the definitions attempted by various legal scholars and inherent in a variety of national and international laws, one clear thread that runs across them is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"identity of origin of a good or serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Justice Frankfurter once defined a trade mark as under:A trade mark is a merchandising shortcut which induces a purchaser to select what he wants or what he has been led to believe he wantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ whatever the means employed, the aim is the same-to convey through the mark, in the minds of potential customers, the desirability of the commodity upon which it appears. Once this is attained, the trade mark has something of value.[Mishawaka Manufacturing Co. V Kresge Co 316.U.S. 203 (1942)] In the United Kingdom, for example, trademarks are governed by the Trade Marks Act 1994 where a trade mark is defined as any sign capable of being represe nted graphically which distinguishes the goods or services of one business from those of another.[Section 1, English Trade Marks Act] In addition, trademarks are defined by the Directive on trademarks as:A trade mark consists of any signs capable of being represented graphically, particularly words, including personal names, designs letters, numerical, the shape of goods, or of their packaging provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.[Article 2, U.K Trade Mark Directives] The main theme that underpins the trade mark law in any country is the extent of the kind of business monopoly that a registered mark confers on the trade mark owner. The legal framework of trademarks therefore aims mainly at striking a balance between the conflicting interests of the proprietor of the mark, their competitors and the final consumer of the products. The law of trademarks seeks to ensure that these three major par ties are protected against injustice and substandard goods and services.Functions of Trade MarksTrade marks play a variety of roles particularly in the business field.Identity of Product OriginThe main function that lies at the heart of trademarks law is that of indication of the origin of commodities being sold and this has been emphasized by the courts in Centrafarm V American Home Products in which the court said:The essential function of the [trade] mark, which is to give the consumer or final user a guarantee of the identity of the origin of the marked product by enabling him to distinguish, without any possible confusion, that product from others of a different provenance.[(1996) FSR, 225] This fundamental role of trademarks was reaffirmed later by an English Court when it stated:Trade marks rights constitute an essential element of the system of undistorted competitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬in that context, the essential function of a trade mark is to guarantee the identity of the origi n of the marked goods or services to the consumers and user by enabling him, without any possibility of confusion, to distinguish the goods or services from others which have another origin.[Arsenal Football Club V Mathew Reed (2003) 3ALL ER 865] Quality Assurance FunctionTrade marks enable consumers of various goods and services to be sure of the quality of those commodities produced by the trade mark proprietors. This assurance of quality flows from the fact that the trade mark owner has economic advantages and interests in the products that they wish to protect from infringement and copying by competing businesses. As a consequence, they are likely to raise quality standards.The House of Lords emphasized this function of trademarks when it stated in its judgment that:The quality of goods on the offer is at the heart of all trading activities. As long as trading has existed, buyers have sought information and assurance about the quality of the merchandise on display. The use of t rademarks is an integral part of this activity.[Scandecor Developments AB V Scandecor Marketing AB (2001) UKHL 21] Advertisement and Informational RoleTrade marks may also be applied as advertisement tools and strategies by traders to create more consumer awareness about the presence, identity and uniqueness of their products as distinguishable from those of competitors. This point was succinctly stated by the court a case involving disputes over trade marks ownership rights when the court said:A trade mark is a vehicle for communicating a message to the public, and itself represents financial value. This message is incorporated into the trade mark through the message itself, whether informatively or symbolically. The message may refer to the productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s quality or indeed intangible values such as luxury, lifestyle, exclusivity, adventure, youth etc.[Souza Cruz SA V Hollywood SAS (2002) ETMR 64, 705] Investment RoleIn addition, Trademarks play the role of investment mechani sms whereby trades use their monopolies in the production of given commodities to lock out competition from similar businesses and require consensual or contractual agreements to part with the monopoly. Such a scheme enables the proprietor of the mark to venture in new investments areas and products that others may not be able to explore as was stated by the court that:It is also argued that trademarks have other functions which might be termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, investments or advertising functions. Those functions are said to arise from the fact that the investment in the proportion of a product is built around the [trade] markà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬distinguishing the trade mark ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s good from those of his competitors.[Perfums Christian Dior and Perfums Christian Dior BV Vs Eura BV (1998) RPC 166 C337/95] The trade mark, as legal requirement, should be such that ...

Voltaires thoughts on wealth and religion in Europe - Free Essay Example

Candide was written by Francois Marie Arouet, formally known as Voltaire. This book was originally Published in January 1759. Many new versions of Candide have been published since. A newer version was published in 1998 by the Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project. Many teachers believe that Candide is a great book for students to read, especially while learning about the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Candide helps the students understand the events that occurred during the Enlightenment, through a farce. Having an example of the ways that the Enlightenment affected people, gives you a much better understanding of its influence. Candide is very helpful to the study of the enlightenment because Voltaire helps introduce the thoughts of many philosophes to the eyes of it’s readers. Candide is an important book for students to read in their course of studies because it uses the ideas of the enlightenment and shows how it can is beneficial or harmful to peoples lives. Voltaire wrote the book Candide as a way to express his own thoughts on wealth and religion in Europe. When Voltaire was writing Candide, he used comedy to engage his readers, and reality to coerce them into obtaining a different view on the ways of the Enlightenment. In his work, Voltaire had the intent to inform the people of Europe of the absurdity of the transformation occurring. Candide emanated the thoughts of Voltaire, such as views on religion. Certain events in Voltaires life obtained a large impact in his writing. In his life, Voltaire was a Deist, generating him to believe that God exists and created the world, but has no impact on the world post-creation. This causes Voltaire to condemn the religious beliefs of people Candide encounters throughout his journey. Voltaire expressed his beliefs on religion and the effects of Wealth in Candide by creating El Dorado, which is â€Å"an imaginary place of great wealth and opportunity†Ã‚ ¹. With the knowledge of Voltaireâ⠂¬â„¢s religion, it becomes easier to comprehend his attitude towards the philosophical perspectives discussed throughout Candide’s journey. In the book, the main character Candide faces the effects of wealth, and the impact religion has on Europe. Voltaire has Candide face the effects of wealth as a way to show the importance and value of wealth while not taking advantage of it or completely disregarding it . This theme is developed when Candide visits El Dorado. When Cacambo and Candide arrive in El Dorado they are very astounded by the childrens etiquette. â€Å" ‘Where are we?† cried Candide. â€Å"The King’s children in this country must have an excellent education, since they are taught to show such a contempt for gold and precious stones.’ â€Å" ². With the childrens reaction towards the gold and precious stones, it showed Candide how precious materials were not seen to be the most necessary objects to possess. Not only did the etiquette of the children leave Candide and Cacambo surprised, but how even-tempered the adults were. When Candide and Cacambo were brought to a dinner and attempted to leave gold as a way to express gratitude towards the Landlords, their gold was quickly dismissed with a laugh, and were told, â€Å"I plainly perceive you are strangers, and such we are not accustomed to charge; pardon us, therefore, for laughing†  ³. This experience, left Candide and Cacambo realizing the differentiation between countries and knowing â€Å" I often perceived that things went very ill in Westphalia.† ?. This theme is also developed In Candide when a letter is received from Cunegonde notifying Candide of her illness. â€Å"The sick lady then put a plump hand out of the bed and Candide first bathed it with tears, then filled it with diamonds, leaving a purse of gold upon the easy chair.† ?. During this moment, Candide is aware of Cunegondes illness and tends to her, while also leaving precious materials for her believing that it is something that is necessary for her to have. This develops the theme of the value of wealth, by showing that to Candide and Cunegonde it is something that needs to always be around, unlike to the landlords and Kings children where it is not collected and not seen as a necessity. Throughout Candide, Voltaire expressed his religious perspectives by created El Dorado an imaginary place for opportunity. When Candide enters El Dorado he laboriously questions their religious beliefs. â€Å"Candide, who had always had a taste for metaphysics, asked whether the people of that country had any religion. The old man reddened a little at this question. â€Å"Can you doubt it?† said he; â€Å"do you take us for wretches lost to all sense of gratitude?† ?. In El Dorado Candide discovered that to the people, it was unheard of to not have a religion, and it was a necessity to their lives. To Candide, the people of El Dorado believe in God and believe that God controls everything. Voltaire seen God as someone that created the world and has no other say, causing every decision to be made by a person, not because of God. â€Å"He concerns himself so much,† replied Martin, â€Å"in the affairs of this world that it is very probable he may be in me as well as everywhere else; but I must confess, when I cast my eye on this globe, or rather globule, I cannot help thinking that God has abandoned it† ?. To Candide, Martin’s thoughts are correct. Voltaire portrayed these thoughts in Candide to express his view on religion. Martin expresses Voltaires thoughts by being a Deist, causing him to believe God has no effect on the world anymore. While reading Candide, many students will have conflicting feelings about the text. Having a background about Voltaire and the Enlightenment is very important to understanding the book. Throughout Candide many comical events would not be understood if the reader was not aware of Voltaire’s point of view. In the beginning of the book, it moves at a slower pace causing the reader to lack interest in continuing. As the book progresses, the reader begins to develop an understanding for the characters and the order of events. With this understanding, the comical points stand out more. When Martin and Candide are discussing who is pitied in society, a comical point is made. â€Å"All that I pretend to know of the matter is that there are millions of men on the earth, whose conditions are a hundred times more pitiable than those of King Charles Edward, the Emperor Ivan, or Sultan Achmet.† ?. Through this discussion, Voltaire expresses his view on the pettiness occurring with leaders. Martin and Candide’s talk helps the readers understand more Voltaire’s point of view on the leaders that obtain political power. The comedy that Voltaire includes is a main way for the readers to grasp his thought process through a real conversation. After reading Candide, it is believed that Voltaire expresses his thoughts, achieving his goal for the book. Some points that Voltaire makes throughout his work leave the reader thinking as the book continues. Thoughts developed by Voltaire in the beginning of the book about cause and effect give the readers a sense that the events that will occur in the text are the effect following a decision or lasting moment. â€Å"I conceive there can be no effect without a cause; everything is necessarily concatenated and arranged for the best.† ?. With this thought, every moment is never forgotten, because it is predicted that later on the effect will occur. Voltaire’s development of characters and the lasting effect that each one has on Candide, is captivating to a reader. â€Å"As soon as Pangloss had a little refreshed himself, Candide began to repeat his inquiries concerning Miss Cunegund. â€Å"She is dead,† replied the other. â€Å"Dead!† cried Candide, and immediately fainted away†  ¹?. With Candide’s reaction to Cunegundes death it shows how he car es for her and her impact on him. After finishing Candide some readers may find that the beginning of the book was less captivating. Even though in the beginning, Candide is thrown out of Westphalia and begins to embark on his journey, the comedic moments and impactful events on developing Voltaire’s point of view occur later on in the text. To most people, Candide is a book worth while due to the lessons it teaches about the Enlightenment and religion. As a student, Candide has a great impact on the understanding of the Enlightenment. Voltaire’s writing style of using comedy as a way to portray his message helps students imagine the moment in their heads. Not only does Candide help understand the Enlightenment but it helps develop better reading techniques. As students, Candide makes them think harder to receive a full understanding of the text. To receive a full understanding, students develop better reading techniques helping them with future texts. Most students should read Candide to progress in their learning and move towards better learning techniques. After reading Voltaire’s work, students perception of the events in the Enlightenment may change, or they may obtain a different point of view. Candide can be a very impactful read and helpful to students in ways that will help them develop as readers and writers.

Arguments of Plato in The Republic and Aristotle in Poetics

What does imitation (mimesis) involve for Plato and Aristotle? Explain its different features. Mimesis, the ‘imitative representation of the real world in art and literature’ , is a form that was particularly evident within the governance of art in Ancient Greece. Although its exact interpretation does vary, it is most commonly used to describe artistic creation as a whole. The value and need for mimesis has been argued by a number of scholars including Sigmund Freud, Philip Sydney and Adam Smith, but this essay will focus on the arguments outlined by Plato in The Republic and Aristotle in Poetics, attempting to demonstrate the different features of imitation (mimesis) and what it involves for them both. In Plato’s The Republic, he†¦show more content†¦Finally, when the artist then creates his painting of the carpenter’s bed, he is not imitating the idea; rather he is imitating the object. This therefore means that the painting (imitation) is at third removed from the ultimate reality of the bed. Moreover, Plato explains that mimesis is â₠¬Ëœa long way removed from truth, and it is able to reproduce everything because it has little grasp of anything†¦ a painter can paint a portrait of a shoemaker or a carpenter or any other craftsman without understanding any of their crafts’. Moreover, according to Plato, many of his contemporaries speak of poets like Homer as though they ‘†¦are masters of all forms of skill, and know all about human excellence and defect and about religion’ . This poses a problem for mimesis because, Plato maintains, the audiences forget that they are being entertained and mistake Homer’s imitation of human behaviour for real knowledge, believing for example, his false portrayal of Zeus. Plato’s third objection to imitation (mimesis) is from a moral point of view in which he believes that the more convincing an imitation is, the more it undermines the psychological stability of even the greatest humans. He argues that the essence of any human is to have higher rational principles as well as lower emotional principles but in order for humans to live a life of reason and righteousness, we must encourage our rational principles over our emotional ones. However, he claims that imitation (mimesis) tends toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The First Ones 1562 Words   |  7 Pagesminds and Plato and Aristotle were the first philosophers to answer these questions. 2. Plato 2.1. His Life To many people, Plato was known as the first writer of philosophy. Plato was born in Athens in 429 BC (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). His birth name was Aristocles and gained the nickname Platon later on. He had two brothers named Adeimantus and Glaucon (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). When Plato met Socrates, he adopted his philosophy and discussed about virtue. From 409 BC to 404 BC, Plato was inRead MoreEssay about Plato and Aristotles Definition of Art1274 Words   |  6 Pagesterm as we know it. It encompassed painting, sculpting, poetry, and all what he still recognize as art, as well as craftwork, carpentry and similar occupations. Plato was the first to address the nature of art seriously, and did so quite emphatically. Considering it unimportant and even dangerous, he denounced it. His student, Aristotle, who handled the same subject next, held incompatible and sometimes opposing views on the matter. Their views were greatly influenced by their metaphysical beliefsRead MorePlato , in the â€Å"Republic â€Å", ambitiously sets out to prove that art imitates reality by distracting900 Words   |  4 PagesPlato, in the â€Å"Republic â€Å", ambitiously sets out to prove that art imitates reality by distracting us from the truth and appeals to socially destructive emotions. He continued his statement by referring that art provides no real knowledge, and that it undermines personal and social well being. In this paper, I will argue that Plato makes an invalid implicit assumption that the representation of life through arts is dangerous and doesn’t define the truth since it uses imitation. I will demonstrateRead MoreMimesis: Plato and Aristotle1536 Words   |  7 PagesMimesis: Plato and Aristotle 1,515 Words Philosophy 2348: Aesthetics\ The term ‘mimesis’ is loosely defined as ‘imitation’, and although an extensive paper could be written about the cogency of such a narrow definition, I will instead focus on Plato and Aristotle’s contrasting judgements of mimesis (imitation). I will spend one section discussing Plato’s ideas on mimesis and how they relate to his philosophy of reality and the forms. I will then spend a section examining Aristotle’s differingRead MoreThe Evolving Role of Poetry and the Poet Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesfootnotes to Plato, claimed Alfred North Whitehead in 1929s Process and Reality. Plato studied under Socrates in Athens, Greece, and showed a deep interest for politics. It wasnt until Socrates death that Plato turned from politics to philosophy. He developed Idealism in opposition to the belief of the Sophists and opened a school in Athens. The Academy was one of the first organized schools in Western Civilization it was here that Plato taught his most famous student, Aristotle. Platos mostRead MorePlato s Views On Art And Representation1322 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst this topic. Plato, one of the pioneer of Western philosophy, is one of the foremost scholar to denounce art and representation, whereas Aristotle, and most of the modern scholars like Derrida directly criticize Plato’s opinion and applaud art and representation. Some scholars like Joyce, however, are not so vocal about their support, but instead prefer to show their approval by means of their art, like Joyce does in Portrait of the Young Man as an Artist. Plato, in his Republic, argued that artRead MoreComparison Between Aristotle and Plato on Mimesis4881 Words   |  20 PagesiA comparison between Aristotle and Plato on mimesis 1. Introduction Mimesis, as a controversial concept starting from the 15th century, is among the oldest terms in literature and artistic theory, and is certainly among the most fundamental. Developing centuries, the concept of mimesis has been explored and reinterpreted by scholars in various academic fields. The word â€Å"Mimesis† developed from the root mimos, noun designating both a person who imitates and a specific genre of performance basedRead MoreHow Do Reason and Imagination Shape Poetry?1979 Words   |  8 PagesImagination, the result is generally seen as more damaging to the art form. Shelley goes on to relate that â€Å"It is admitted that the exercise of the imagination is most delightful, but it is alledged that that of reason is more useful†, and therefore the argument is made that Reason is a more useful inspiration for poetry since it revolves around real world notions, while the Imagination is useless fantasy. Shelley argues against this, putting forth that â€Å" whatever strengthens and purifies the affections,Read More Apology for Poetry Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pageson poetry; it is known Gosson’s remarks prompt Sidney’s attitude to defend not only against Gosson but as well as Plato. Stephen Gosson’s Puritan credentials, disregards him as the primary source for submitting the essay. Sidney addresses the poetic contributions and principles demonstrated by Aristotle, Plato, and other European scholars. Plato’s Republic implements most of the poetic knowledge Sidney reinforces in his defense. The abundance of sciences portrays significant purposes in life; SidneyRead More Matthew Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 PagesThe value of imitation: a vision of Aristotles Poetics Aristotle wrote his Poetics thousands of years before Matthew Arnolds birth. His reasons for composing it were different from Arnolds reasons for using it as an element of his own poetic criticism. We can safely say that Arnold was inclined to use the Poetics as an inspiration for his own poetry, and as a cultural weapon in the fight for artistic and social renewal. Aristotle, by contrast, was more concerned with discovering general truths

Human Inventions Have Brought more Harm than Good - 518 Words

Human invents tools in their life. Over the centuries, people had invented many tools throughout several eras which are dark ages, enlightenment period, industrial revolution, and the latest technology era in twenty-first century. Tools invented help out by saving times and energies. However, issue that is often debated is whether human inventions bring more harm than good. On one end, human invention may harm to human health and unethical to use human invention such as cloning but some promote that human invention make life easier and closer the gap between peoples. The first disadvantage of human invention is it may harm to human body health. Technology of mobile phone is the most convenient tool being invented. Almost everyone can own their handset and even hardly to be separated from their daily life. Latest handset contains many attractive games which cause the youngsters always bow their head and focus on playing game. Time after time, they will experience fatigue, headache, and neck ache as they do not have a proper rest and over concentrate on the phone’s screen. Besides, some also hanging their phone too long while chatting. Research found that when people chat through mobile phone for more than six minutes, the phones will radiate heat and waves. The emitted heat and waves may boil an egg. Hence, overexposing to the human inventions may harm to human health. The second disadvantage of human invention is it may not be ethical to apply in human society. CloningShow MoreRelatedEssay about Technology is a Benefit to Our Society1008 Words   |  5 Pageswhich helps patients through the emotional and mental effects that a disease can have on them. â€Å"Halfway Technology† is the name given to procedures, such as transplants, that prevent deaths of patients from the failure of certain organs of their bodies. However, the most important level is â€Å"Effective Technology† which consists of inventions used to help manage, eliminate or detect certain types of diseases before they have a chance to progress to higher levels within patients’ bodies. All these gadgetsRead MoreIs Technology a Boost to Life or an Obstacle? Essay examples1352 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization in order to solve a problem or make something easier. Technology can significantly affect humans and animals to adapt to natural environments. Technology h as played an important role in the development of the quality of life of humans and animals and has also played an important role in the conservation of our environment. Technology has been one of the areas were the mankind have always been interesting because how it can make daily lives and jobs different by all meaning. ThroughoutRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society : Technology1281 Words   |  6 Pagesin almost all fields of human life. It is however a double edged sword, with some effects being detrimental and other being beneficial. With this extraordinary rate of development, today’s latest gadget is tomorrows antique. It is because of this rapid development that we take things for granted. One of these is the invention of the wheel. Advances in technology takes us back to 3500BC with the invention of the wheel. We didn’t know it at the time but this simple invention would change our lives foreverRead MoreJaffe V. Samsung Elecs1394 Words   |  6 Pages Jaffà © v. Samsung Elecs. Co. Qimonda AG, a German semiconductor manufacturer, had patent cross licenses with many of its competitors. Such licenses, in industries like electronics, allow parties in effect to have a truce with respect to patents, so that they may proceed their respective businesses. Qimonda file bankruptcy and ceased operations, so no longer needed the protection of the cross licenses. Rather, it terminated the licenses under German bankruptcy law, to replace them with licensesRead MoreAdvantages of Industrial Revolution Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesa benefit to the human race. We gain so many benefits from it and to perceive the Industrial Revolution as a flaw in the history of the Earth would merely be an insult to its name. My goal is to eradicate this common misconception of the Industrial Revolution being â€Å"dark† times. I want to convince the audience that the advantages undoubtedly outnumber the very few disadvantages to come along it. Hopefully, by the end of this paper, you will have a far different perspective than Chin 2 before.Read MoreEssay on Technology and the Negative Effects on Society1601 Words   |  7 Pagesrevolution, society has become more and more dependent on technology. So much so that we sometimes lack the willingness to think before we act. We become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a copy of the morning news paper. We expect immediate responses to our email, and we expect someone to answer their cell phone whenever and wherever we call. â€Å"Industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increase in consumer goods. But at the same time, forRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology1042 Words   |  5 Pages In the article by Dr. Vannevar Bush titled â€Å"As we may think† many issues relating to technology and its advancements and tragedies were mentioned. The article begins with Dr. Vannevar Bush discussing science and its relationship to warfare to be more specific his involvement as one of the scientists to develop t he atomic bomb. A bomb that had many repercussions and killed approximately â€Å"140,000 people. This was a retaliation for what happened in pearl harbor which an attack on American soil by theRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying925 Words   |  4 Pageseverything is going digital. Classes could be taken online. There s no more need for people to go into the classroom. Paper copies are a good back up source but most people save a draft onto different sources instead. With everything becoming accessible by the computer, crime is evolving. Children went from bullying other kids at the playground to cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is the sending and taunting of other via the Internet. More advanced levels of cyber crime continue to rise. Cyber bullying isRead MoreThe Social Invention Of Marriage928 Words   |  4 PagesSECTION THREE The social invention of marriage has changed over time, and as discussed above, it is no longer acceptable to separate black people from white while claiming to treat them â€Å"equally†. Similar to this, we cannot claim to be treating homosexuals equally, while enforcing laws that exclude them. The progression that our country has made towards civil rights have come about simply because we are all citizens of the United States. In a society so richly entrenched in the search for and theRead MoreInternet Has Done More Harm Than Good in the Society.888 Words   |  4 Pagesexploited if the discovered this material. It is quite often found that ‘lone-wolf’ terrorists, for example, have gotten their information and inspiration from the Internet. The Internet has caused more problems than it has done good, because it has made people lazy, among other reasons. The Internet has made people lazy. They can pay their bills online and shop online, so they do not have to leave their homes. It has created problems through social networking sites, because people are spending all

Disadvantages of Fast Food - 1038 Words

Tanvir Chowdhury English 28 9:35-11:00 Dr. Gill Disadvantages of Fast Foods Time is money. This is the new buzzword in today’s world. People are now spending more time by running after money then spending time on their daily activities. No wonder fast food is on the rise. May people do not realize that fast food is a slow death. It has many disadvantages, as it is unhealthy, expensive and causes many diseases. Even though, fast food is the fastest way to feed our hunger, it is not healthy at all. It is full of saturated and unsaturated fat. Moreover, it is a major source of calories and most of these calories are from fat. Unsaturated fats are good fat. Which means someone can burn this fat†¦show more content†¦Usually all fast food has high amounts of calories, cholesterol, and fat. Because of that, Americans should know about the dangerous unhealthy food. A less commonly known yet still dangerous side effect of eating fast food is liver damage. ABC News explains that eating high-fat foods from fast food restauran ts can overload the liver and eventually lead to liver damage. Eating too much fast food over a period can actually damage the liver as much or more than drinking alcohol. Fast food has a resulted in child obesity. Which is truly a tragedy not only has obesity affected adults and but also children at an alarming rate. The numbers of fast food restaurants targeting child and adolescent customers are found to be clustered around schools. The addicting flavors and affordability of fast food has contributed to encouraging the young gradually to grab a quick lunch a thought. For example, a small hamburger has 200 calories, and a large hamburger has about 500 to 600 calories. If individual put this together is like they are eating 400 to 1,800 calories in one fast food meal. Apart from the many types of fast food offered inside the school cafeteria, the fast food restaurant outlets are multiplying around the school grounds and neighborhood. On the other hand, children are taught to obey t heir parents to do as they are told and parents do not see the risk they are of their actions. They do not realize theShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Fast Food1094 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor corner, what do you see? Fast food. Americans cannot escape fast food restaurants; the smell, the neon signs, the convenience, it haunts over everyone. In â€Å"Fast Food Nation† Eric Schlosser states, â€Å"Fast food is not so commonplace that it has acquired an air of inevitability, as though it were somehow unavoidable, a fact of modern life† (7). The appeal of fast food is evident, busy week night dinners, short lunch breaks, the list is endless; but the disadvantages go far past just that of healthRead MoreDisadvantages Of Fast Food1566 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is taking over many people’s lives living around the world. Many people all over the United States are overweight or obese due to eating so much fast food. Fast food affects peoples physical weight, emot ional and mental health and media influence. There are no advantages to eating fast food, especially at a young age. Fast food is a scary road to turn down as a young kid growing up into an adult. Fast food is pretty much its own simple definition when you think about it, it is literallyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Fast Food1327 Words   |  6 Pages The prevalence of fast food is growing at a rapid pace in more and more countries around the world. The advantages of fast food such as cost, taste, convenience, and fast service makes eating fast food a convenient and cheap source of food for busy individuals. While fast food has its advantages it also has its disadvantages such as high in fat/calories, weight gain, and serious health risks. In this paper, I will discuss the disadvantages of fast food and why they outweigh the advantages whileRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Fast Food1105 Words   |  5 Pages The Disadvantage of Fast Food  Ã‚   Modern life becomes more and more comfortable, but people are busier and busier with their life. Therefore, people do not have time to cook at home. Some people favor to eat fast food or at restaurants; however, not that many people favor to eat at home. Eating at home or eating at fast food restaurants has advantage and disadvantage, so which one is better?   Eating at a restaurant is similar to eating at home in many ways. Although eating out or cooking at home,Read MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Fast Food2221 Words   |  9 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Fast Foods Food that we eat today has changed more in the past 30 years, than in the past 3,000 years. What is even more astonishing is that these changes have occurred without the public even knowing it or having the chance to debate it. How has this happened? We are now a culture that is very distant from where our food comes from. We are alienated from our food industry. We don’t see how the food is made or what chemicals, food coloring or fillers are added toRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food904 Words   |  4 PagesFast food, by name itself is the food that consumes comparatively less amount of time to be prepared than the food that we order from the restaurants. They are preheated and precooked which is served to customer in a packaged form or take away. Fast foods are the most common food these days and these restaurants are growing rapidly worldwide. People of all ages love fast food and it is more popular among young people. The important reasons for this business to grow are the busy schedule people haveRead MoreAdvantage Of Fast Food993 Words   |  4 Pages When we think about an advantaged to fast food one of the main reasons that comes to mind is convenience. According to a study done by The National Center for Diseas e and Health Control, it is convenience that has caused a spike in fast food consumption (Hoffman, 2012). Ohio, for example, has one of the most fast food locations per resident in any state. Ohio has more McDonald’s restaurants, 7.1 per 100,000 residents, than any other state and almost twice as many Burger King’s 3.7 locations perRead MoreIs Fast Food Good Or Bad?1100 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages Disadvantages of Fast Food More than 14, 350 McDonald’s restaurants in the United States alone, and over 18, 875 KFC’s worldwide, only goes to reflect the popularity of fast food all over the world. Fast food can be defined as food that is easily and quickly prepared and is sold in restaurants and snack bars as a quick meal or to be taken out. Such food fits perfectly into the fast-paced life of a modern, working individual. Although nothing appeals more to a hard-working professionalRead MoreAnalyzing Whether Or Not Fast Food Industries1414 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysing whether or not fast food industries are the cause of Australia’s rise in obesity levels â€Æ' Table of Contents List of figures 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 2 Social issues 2 Ethical issues 3 Environmental issues 3 Economic issues 3 Benefits (for) 4 Disadvantages (against) 4 Recommendations/Conclusion 5 Bibliography 6 List of figures FIGURE 1: WEEKLY SPENDING ON TAKEAWAY MEALS FIGURE 2: WITH OR WITHOUT FRIES FIGURE 3: PERCENTAGES OF FOOD BUDGETS FIGURE 4: FAST FOOD VS RESTAURANTS â€Æ' EXECUTIVERead MoreModern Generation and Fast Food971 Words   |  4 PagesGeneration and Fast Food? Fast food  is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in arestaurant  or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for  take-out/take-away. Fast food restaurants are traditionally separated by their ability to serve food via a drive-through

Caring for Dementia Patients Long Term Care - 1161 Words

Caring for Dementia Patients Rodrick Williams English 122 Professor Susan Turner – Colon Caring for Dementia Patient It can be very difficult caring for a patient with dementia. Most caregivers are unaware of the problems, they must face. A family member attempting to care for a loved one without training will eventually turn to a Nursing Home that has experienced staff in the care of dementia patients. Although many families feel a sense of guilt having someone else care for a loved one, it is best for all concerned. Dementia patients can be a handful for an experienced caregiver as well as those with no training. These are some of the question that should be ask when a loved†¦show more content†¦Some other researchers are trying to determine the possible roles of cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress (chemical reactions that can damage proteins, DNA, and lipids inside cells), estrogen, vitamin E, and microglia in the development of AD. Scientists also are investigating the role of aging – related proteins (Florida Health Care Association 2005). Lifestyle changes to help prevent AD, according to The Alzheimer’s Prevention Foundation International include ‘four pillars of building a better memory†; diet and vitamins, stress management, exercise and pharmaceutical drugs. Diet and vitamins: the brain requires nutrition, blood flow and energy that comes from a diet that is moderate in calories, high in good fats and clean proteins. Stress management: reducing depression and improving your ability to deal with stressful situations. Exercise: mental and physical exercise is essential for brain health. Effective workouts include brisk walking, swimming, and Tai chi mental exercise such as visiting museums, crossword puzzles, reading, taking educational classes, and socializing with friend’s arte all excellent ways to keep your brain in shape. Pharmaceutical drugs: medications such as Aricept, Exelon, Reminyl, and Namenda, taken with the supervision of a physician, can play an important role in delayin g the progression of mild memory loss due to Alzheimer’s disease. Natural hormone replacementShow MoreRelatedChildren With Dementia And Parkinson s Disease1488 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Introduction Dementia is a collection of symptoms caused by disorders affecting the brain which impact on a person’s functioning, ranging from thinking to behaviour and the ability to perform ordinary tasks and there are different type of dementia with the most common types being Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease (Keast, 2015). In 2009, nearly two-thirds (62%) of people identified as having dementia or Alzheimer s disease were living in a health establishment suchRead MorePolitics And Regulatory Guidelines For Mental Health Care950 Words   |  4 PagesPolitics And Regulatory Guidelines In 2008, legislation on mental health care changed. Coinsurance for mental health services decreased from a staggering 50% co-payment for outpatient mental health services to the usual 20% co-payment for other medical services (Touhy Jett, 2011). Mental health services are now covered under the Medicare Part B services, which is regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services. Dementia has a large psychological component, which requires mental health servicesRead MoreUnderstand the Process and Experience of Dementia Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand the Process and experience of Dementia 1.1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome There are several causes of dementia some of them are; a stroke, brain disease, MS, certain medications, shrinkage of the brain, too many opiates over a long period of time and severe alcoholism 1.2 Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia Dementia can cause the sufferer to experience loss of mental ability, loss of memory, a reducedRead MorePerson Centred Care1501 Words   |  7 Pagesto Nursing Care with and for Older People This essay explores the idea of Person Centred Care and the significance it has in caring for an older patient. Issues related to patients incapable of taking part in their care will also be discussed. Each and every patient should be treated holistically and individually to their own personal needs as part of any nursing care plan. This essay will show this is especially evident in the person centred approach to caring for the older patient. What isRead MoreMy Caring Science Rather Than A Medical Curing Science1295 Words   |  6 PagesWatson focuses on a caring science rather than a medical curing science. The Transpersonal Caring Theory does not have a specific pathway for one to follow in order to achieve the understanding and the ability to apply the theory to practice. In order for one to understand the theory, itself they have to be able to let others in to both their physical, spiritual, and mental world. There is a level of commitment by both parties to allow them to be open to another. Thus, the nurse is able to followRead MoreForgetting The Past, Focusing On The Future: . How Alzheimer’S1412 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Aging Population Effects Health Care Today Within the next forty years, the United States will spend over $20 trillion dollars in total for patient’s with Alzheimer s (Johns). As the population ages, people become continuously more at risk for Alzheimer’s and other dementias; therefore, it remains crucial to learn about the effects of the aging population and Alzheimer’s on health care today. With the baby boomer generation reaching ages where care and assistance is necessary, the healthcareRead MoreWhat Is Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease?1311 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is dementia and Alzheimer’s disease? Dementia is a disease that affects mental capabilities in which memory loss is one of the key features of this disease. Memory loss creates difficulty in completing every day tasks. Most people who suffer from the disease need assistance with their activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. It is a long lasting neurodegenerative (progressive damage of the neurological nerve cells) disease that usually startsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Wit, Nurse Susie s Character1183 Words   |  5 Pageshas arisen. This fixation on curing illnesses has led to Doctors viewing patients as experiments and not as human beings, this is seen especially in technologically advanced societies as exemplified in the movie Wit. In addition to this new problem, there are clear establishments of hierarchy between medical professionals such as Doctors and nurses as well as the emotional detachments with the patients which can lead to patients feeling le ft out and alone. In the movie Wit, Nurse Susie’s character inRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Form Of Dementia1258 Words   |  6 PagesJuan Landivar Dr. Darrel Elmore ENC 1102 12/04/14 Identity theft Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia which drastically affects the memory, behaviors, and though process of the patient. As Alzheimer’s disease effects the victim, society is dealt the aftermath of social and economic repercussions. By raising awareness about this disease, we can influence change in all sectors. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s disease can have high physical, emotional, and financial cost. Alzheimer’s diseaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Long Term Condition Dementia2181 Words   |  9 PagesThis assignment will explore the effect of the long term condition dementia. It will focus on a service user who has recently been admitted onto an assessment ward and their family. It will explore the nurse’s role and how they will support and manage the patient’s illness. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015) state that individual’s rights to confidentiality must be respected at all times, therefore all names menti oned in this assignment have been changed to maintain confidentiality. Mary

Domain of Emergency Management Information †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Domain of Emergency Management Information. Answer: Introduction: After conducting some research on Australian engineering and sustainable development, I came to understand the critical role that engineers play in innovating life in Australia. Their innovation is the reason why we can enjoy prosperity, wellbeing and good health in this dynamic world. Another topic which caught my attention was on sustainable development. I was fascinated to know the reasoning behind employing sustainable development in the world today. It deeply concerned me that why was the need for sustainable development not raised in the previous decade. Engineers not only work with electronics, designs and machines. They employ maths and science to create inventions and innovations to make our life a better place to live in (Mello, Strandhagen and Alfnes 2015). From this research experience, I learned that the engineers are necessary for adding high value , high tech activities in the society helping it to get more globally connected with the emerging technologies. After reviewing some recent statistics, I found out that the engineers in Australia are facing a lot of difficulties due to the recent economic issues and changes in the world economy. According to me, it is the inherent right of every individual to preserve the environment in a sustainable manner so that our future generations can enjoy the benefits of the innovations that the engineers and other professionals are investing in. In my experience, it is our responsibility to develop without harming the environment. In my experience, the engineers should commit their job roles in the risk assessment of their innovations with respect to the environment. They should voluntarily educate the people about the consequences of scientific developments on the environment (Holden, Linnerud, and Banister 2017). Moreover, I think they should explicitly take care of the impact of technology on the environment and nature for future sustainable development. After reviewing some articles and journals, in my experience managing and documentation of information in engineering is critical. I totally feel that proper management of information helps for multiple revision support and accurate data representation. Proper documentation is also essential as per my knowledge for assuring compliance with regulations, improving operational excellence, increased efficiency and proper data quality. In my experience, engineering projects nowadays in Australia and around the world are conducted with the new trend of outsourcing. Such a group effort requires through processing of information for minimizing downtime and increasing productivity (Schwalbe 2015) Poor management and documentation of information result in inefficiency in the engineering process which results in increased project time for the company as well as the client, variations and reworks and direct delays. This is a real problem according to me, as proper documentation of information is necessary for conducting business critical decisions in engineering. In my experience, the management and documentation of information helps to retain clients and potential stakeholders by maintaining a relevant and reliable source of information. From this experience, I have learnt the value of conducting precise control of managing and documenting relevant information. It will enable me to understand the importance of ensuring that the client as well as the project databases are effectively collected and validated to provide the deployed system with the maximum benefits and provide maximum confidence to the potential stakeholders of the project. This experience will also help me to understand the value of engineering tools and the need for proper decision support with valid documented information in the future. Communicate effectively across a range of contexts Effective communication is necessary for any businesses and context subject. In my experience, I have seen engineers communicate with their prospective clients, people from different departments and people. I can assess that effective communication is necessary for engineers because of the technical and complex nature of the engineering. I believe that to communicating effectively ensures that all the participants are on the same page. With proper foundational skills in communication, engineers can thrive to become the leaders they aspire to be someday. According to my analysis, a single project may contain public health officials, psychologists, business specialists and several managers. I can deduce that the ability to collaborate and communicate effectively with and each and every member of the diverse team can have a positive impact on the team reducing the risks associated with it (Kokhan 2016). Without effective communication, an individual cannot pass his own opinions to the rest of the team increasing the chances of the task failing (Hiltz, Van de Walle and Turoff 2014). After researching some journals and websites, I came to the conclusion that in the engineering as well as other sectors, proper communication skills are important so that the engineer can pass his idea to the representatives and management (Broadbent 2013). From this experience, I have learnt that effective communication is necessary for adequately passing of information in a channelized proper manner. It has also helped me to understand why people in the engineering sector hire candidates with good communication skills rather than experienced individuals with bad communication skills. References Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Hiltz, S.R., Van de Walle, B. and Turoff, M., 2014. The domain of emergency management information. InInformation systems for emergency management(pp. 15-32). Routledge. Holden, E., Linnerud, K. and Banister, D., 2017. The imperatives of sustainable development.Sustainable Development,25(3), pp.213-226. Kokhan, O., 2016. Importance of communication. Mello, M.H., Strandhagen, J.O. and Alfnes, E., 2015. The role of coordination in avoiding project delays in an engineer-to-order supply chain.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,26(3), pp.429-454. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.